At temperatures above 260°C (500°F), non-stick coatings can start to break down, releasing fumes and potentially harmful chemicals, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Inhaling these fumes can cause flu-like symptoms, sometimes referred to as "Teflon flu." PFOA, previously used in the manufacturing of non-stick coatings, has been linked to health issues, including cancer and liver damage, though it was phased out of production by most manufacturers in the early 2000s.
For everyday cooking, using non-stick cookware at moderate temperatures is considered safe. However, scratching the non-stick surface by using metal utensils or improper cleaning can cause the coating to flake off. Ingesting these flakes, while unlikely to cause serious harm, could still raise concerns over long-term health effects.
To minimize risks, use non-stick cookware on low to medium heat, avoid overheating, and opt for PFOA-free or ceramic-coated alternatives for added safety.