Menstrual cycles can vary greatly from person to person in terms of duration, course, and symptoms. Some women may have cycles that are as regular as clockwork, while others may have irregular or unpredictable cycles. Factors that affect the menstrual cycle include hormonal fluctuations, genetics, age, lifestyle, and general health.
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Hormone fluctuations play a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle. The cycle is regulated by the interaction of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which control the release of eggs from the ovaries and the thickening and shedding of the lining of the uterus. Any hormonal imbalance can lead to irregular cycles and even amenorrhea.
Genetics can also influence menstrual patterns. If a woman's mother or close relatives had irregular cycles, she is more likely to have similar fluctuations. Age also plays a role, as menstrual cycles become more regular and predictable after puberty and can become irregular again during perimenopause and menopause.
Lifestyle factors can also influence the menstrual cycle. Stress, diet, exercise and sleep can affect hormone levels and thus the regularity of menstruation. Excessive weight loss or weight gain, as well as excessive exercise, can disrupt hormone balance and lead to irregular cycles.
Your general health, including co-morbidities such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disease, can interfere with your regular periods. Medications and birth control methods can also affect the menstrual cycle.
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